Phycocyanin yog cov protein ua haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Spirulina, suav txog 20% ntawm lub hauv paus qhuav ntawm Spirulina.
Phycocyanin tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim ntuj thiab cov khoom siv raw rau cov khoom noj khoom haus hauv kev lag luam zaub mov; nws tuaj yeem tsim los ua ib qho ntxiv hauv kev lag luam tshuaj pleev ib ce; Nws kuj muaj peev xwm loj hlob zoo hauv kev lag luam tshuaj, tab sis lub teeb thiab kub rhiab heev ntawm phycocyanin, nrog rau nws intolerance rau acid thiab alkali, tau ua rau muaj daim ntawv thov ntawm phycocyanin tsis tau nrov.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nrog rau kev nce qib ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab thev naus laus zis, kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv ntawm phycocyanin tau hloov kho tas li thiab rov ua dua, thiab nws cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab kev lag luam tau nce sai, ua rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab daim ntawv thov teb maj mam nyiam cov xim. ntawm ntau yam kev lag luam thiab cov kws tshawb fawb.
Phycocyanin muaj cov haujlwm antioxidant. Cov kev tshawb fawb tau pom tias phycocyanin tuaj yeem tswj cov kab mob metabolic uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tshem tawm thiab tsim cov dawb radicals, thiab cov dawb radicals ncaj qha los yog tsis ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ntau yam kab mob.
Kawm txog Extraction ntawm Phycocyanin
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm phycocyanin muaj feem xyuam rau kev cog qoob loo thiab kev siv tshuab ntawm Spirulina.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm phycocyanin nyob rau hauv Spirulina tau los ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm nitrogen qhov chaw kab lis kev cai yog txawv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm phycocyanin hauv Spirulina irradiated nrog lub teeb liab yog siab dua li hauv Spirulina irradiated nrog lub teeb xiav. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm phycocyanin nyob rau hauv Spirulina cultivated nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab lub caij ntuj sov yog siab tshaj nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg. Cov txheej txheem ziab kom qhuav rau Spirulina muaj xws li ntxoov ntxoo ziab, tshav ziab, qhov cub kom qhuav, microwave kom qhuav, nqus kom qhuav, khov ziab, tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav, thiab lwm yam.
Phycocyanin yog ib qho protein intracellular, thiab cov nyhuv extraction muaj feem xyuam rau txoj kev cuam tshuam ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab cov txheej txheem rho tawm.Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem ntawm cov phab ntsa tawg feem ntau suav nrog txoj kev o, rov ua kom khov-thaw txoj kev, ultrasonic-pab cell phab ntsa rhuav txoj kev, siab homogenization txoj kev, cov ntaub so ntswg sib tsoo, thiab lwm yam. Pulsed hluav taws xob teb thiab cov txheej txheem cua sov kuj tau siv rau hauv daim ntawv thov ntawm cell phab ntsa tawg thiab phycocyanin extraction nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua haujlwm tiag tiag, txhawm rau ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov phab ntsa tawg, ntau txoj kev rhuav tshem ntawm tes feem ntau yog ua ke thiab siv.
Txoj kev o yog kom ntub cov spirulina hmoov hauv cov kua dej. Vim yog qhov sib txawv osmotic pressures sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm lub hlwb, dej nkag mus rau lub hlwb, ua rau cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, thiab phycocyanin yaj. Txoj kev o yuav tsum tau siv cov cuab yeej yooj yim thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev.
Txoj kev rov ua kom khov-thaw yog siv qhov chaw txias txias kom khov rau spirulina ncua kev kawm, thiab thaws nws nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, ntau zaus kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cell tawg, cell tawg, thiab phycocyanin dissolution. Txoj kev rov qab khov-thaw yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam, tab sis qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yuav siv sij hawm ntev los teev ntau lawm thiab nyuaj rau kev ua tiav.
Ultrasonic-pab phab ntsa rhuav txoj kev tsuas yog siv lub zog shear thiab kev poob siab yoj tsim los ntawm cov nyhuv cavitation thaum lub sij hawm ultrasonic kis mus rau tag nrho cov cell phab ntsa thiab tso tawm intracellular proteins. Ultrasonic phab ntsa rhuav txoj kev muaj lub voj voog sim luv luv thiab lub cell tawg siab. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias lub Hoobkas tsim hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siab, thiab cov cua sov tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm ultrasonic phab ntsa tawg ua rau cov khoom kub nce, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov protein denaturation.
Txoj kev ua haujlwm siab homogenization siv lub siab ceev shear thiab cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim tsim tawm thaum lub sij hawm lub siab thiab lub sij hawm decompression txheej txheem thaum cov khoom nyob rau hauv lub high-pressure homogenizer kis tau los ntawm high-pressure homogenization valve kom lub immiscible kua-kua los yog kua- Cov khoom siv sim ua ib qho zoo heev thiab tsis sib xws emulsified lub xeev rau kev tawg ntawm phycocyanin.
Txoj kev kub ceev shear siv lub zog shear quab yuam tsim los ntawm high-speed rotating hniav kom tag nrho hloov cov khoom tawg thiab cov kuab tshuaj nruab nrab nyob rau hauv lub high-ceev khiav, yog li txhawb lub dissolution ntawm soluble tshuaj.
Cov tshuaj reagents [2-(N-morpholino)ethylsulfonic acid, calcium chloride, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau lub koom haum ntawm cov phab ntsa ntawm tes, txhim kho permeability, thiab tso cai rau cov protein kom ntws tawm ntawm tes. Muaj tsawg dua cell impurities nyob rau hauv cov qauv kho, tab sis cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj reagents yog tsis conducive rau tom ntej purification, thiab tshuaj reagents yog feem ntau ua rau puas cov protein qauv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem bioenzyme siv bioenzymes los kho cov phab ntsa ntawm tes los txhawb kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj intracellular.
Txoj kev xaim hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob nthuav tawm cov hlwb mus rau qhov chaw hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob, tsim cov hluav taws xob transmembrane sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm tes, ua rau cov cell membrane puas, yog li dissolving intracellular tshuaj. Feem ntau hais lus, qhov ua tiav ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm tes ntau dua, qhov kev sib cais ntawm phycocyanin ntau dua, tab sis qhov kev sib cais ntawm Spirulina cell sheath polysaccharides ua rau kev sib cais tom qab thiab ntxuav ntawm phycocyanin nyuaj dua.
Feem ntau hais lus, cov hmoov phycocyanin ruaj khov dua li cov kua phycocyanin, thiab microencapsulated phycocyanin thiab cov tshuaj hloov kho phycocyanin yog qhov ruaj khov dua. Tam sim no, phycocyanin feem ntau suav nrog ob hom kev siv tshuaj: kua phycocyanin thiab hmoov phycocyanin. Powdered phycocyanin feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov tshuaj tsuag kom qhuav lossis khov kom qhuav. Lub ntsiab excipients nyob rau hauv cov khoom yog trehalose, qabzib thiab maltodextrin.
Raws li cov xim xiav xiav tsis tshua muaj, phycocyanin muaj qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov khoom noj, tshuaj, tshuaj pleev ib ce thiab lwm yam. Phycocyanin muaj cov xim tshwj xeeb, khoom noj khoom haus nplua nuj, antioxidant, tiv thaiv kab mob thiab lwm yam kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev, thiab muaj kev cia siab rau kev loj hlob thiab kev siv. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob tam sim no, kev ua kom huv ntawm phycocyanin yuav tsum tau txhim kho. Txawm hais tias kev sib cais thiab kev ua kom huv ntawm phycocyanin tau ua tiav qee yam hauv xyoo tas los no, cov cuab yeej tseem ceeb tsim nyog rau kev lag luam loj loj tseem yuav tsum tau daws. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws qhov teeb meem kev ruaj ntseg tsis tau daws tau zoo, uas txwv tsis pub siv dav ntawm cov xim. Yog li ntawd, kev npaj thiab stabilization thev naus laus zis ntawm phycocyanin tseem xav tau kev tshawb fawb tob thiab tshawb nrhiav.
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