Glutathione yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidant hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Glutathione tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov peroxides thiab oxygen dawb radicals hauv cov hlwb, tiv thaiv cell membrane lipids, DNA thiab sulfhydryl enzymes los ntawm oxidation, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm molecular physiological functions.
1. Glutathione yog dab tsi?
Peptide thiab npe
Peptide yog ib qho chaw tsim los ntawm -amino acids txuas nrog peptide bonds, thiab tseem yog cov khoom nruab nrab ntawm cov protein hydrolysis. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov protein yog tias peptides yooj yim dua nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab me me hauv qhov hnyav molecular, yog li lawv yooj yim dua los ntawm tib neeg lub cev.
Peptides tuaj yeem hu ua raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov amino acids uas lawv tau tsim los ntawm: ib qho chaw tsim los ntawm lub cev qhuav dej condensation ntawm ob amino acid molecules hu ua dipeptide, thiab zoo ib yam muaj tripeptides, tetrapeptides, pentapeptides, thiab lwm yam Peptides muaj peb lossis ntau amino acid molecules hu ua polypeptides.
Kuj tseem muaj lub npe hu ua peptides uas muaj li ntawm 2 txog 10 amino acids hu ua oligopeptides (me me molecule peptides), 10 txog 50 amino acids hu ua polypeptides, thiab ntau tshaj 50 amino acids hu ua proteins.
Me me molecule peptides kuj hu ua me me molecule active peptides vim lawv muaj zog ua si thiab yooj yim nqus.,thiab lawv tau txais kev tshawb fawb ntau thiab ntau dua.
Glutathione
Txo glutathione (GSH) yog ib qho me me molecule tripeptide uas muaj glutamic acid, cysteine thiab glycine. Tib neeg tuaj yeem tsim cov glutathione hauv lawv lub hlwb.
Ua ke, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) yog ib tug disulfide tsim los ntawm ob molecules ntawm GSH.
Ntau tshaj 90% ntawm glutathione nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv txo, thiab tus so muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv oxidized. Glutathione oxidation thiab reductase catalyze qhov kev sib nrig sib hloov ntawm ob. Qhov piv ntawm ob lub xeev ntawm glutathione qhia txog qib ntawm cellular oxidative kev nyuaj siab. Qhov siab tshaj GSSG: GSH tus nqi qhia tias lub xovtooj ntawm tes yog nyob rau hauv siab oxidative kev nyuab siab heev.
S-Glutathionylation: Los ntawm Molecular Mechanisms mus rau Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv
2. Kev faib tawm ntawm Glutathione
Yuav luag txhua lub cell hauv tib neeg lub cev muaj GSH. Nws qhov kev faib tawm hauv lub cev yog qhov thib ob tsuas yog cov dej molecules. GSH yog thiol nrog cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws hauv cov tsiaj hlwb. Qhov concentration hauv cov cell yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.5 thiab 2 mM. Lub siab, raws li lub cev detoxification loj tshaj plaws hauv tib neeg lub cev, muaj GSH cov ntsiab lus txog li 10 mM. Lub extracellular GSH concentration txawv ntawm qhov chaw mus rau qhov chaw, thiab plasma GSH yog nyob rau hauv micromolar ntau.
Glutathione kuj ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lwm yam tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv baker cov poov xab, hom qoob mog thiab tsiaj lub siab yog 100 ~ 1000 mg / 100g, nyob rau hauv nqaij qaib cov ntshav muaj 58 ~ 73 mg / 100g, thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntshav npua nws muaj 10 ~ 15 mg / 100g.
3. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Glutathione
Glutathione muaj peb lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb: tiv thaiv oxidation, detoxification, thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Antioxidation
Ntau cov pa oxygen dawb radicals thiab peroxides nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub cev yuav ua rau oxidation ntawm cov proteins, lipids, thiab DNA. Oxidative stress feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog cov kab mob xws li mob caj dab, pulmonary fibrosis, Parkinson's disease, ntau yam sclerosis, mob qog noj ntshav, thiab kev laus. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum noj cov tshuaj antioxidants txaus los tawm tsam qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm cov dawb radicals.
Glutathione yog cov khoom siv dav tshaj plaws thiab cov ntsiab lus siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov tshuaj antioxidant hauv tib neeg lub hlwb. Glutathione tuaj yeem cuam tshuam cov peroxides thiab oxygen dawb radicals hauv cov hlwb, tiv thaiv cell membrane lipids, DNA, thiab sulfhydryl enzymes los ntawm oxidation, thiab xyuas kom muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm molecular physiological functions. Qhov kev ua haujlwm no tsuas yog ua tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm sulfhydryl hauv cysteine.
2 GSH + R2O2 → GSSG + 2 ROH (R=H, alkyl)
GSH + R. → 0.5 GSSG + RH
GSH kuj tau koom nrog ntau yam kev cuam tshuam redox hauv cov hlwb, tshem tawm cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm oxidants rau cov qe ntshav liab membrane qauv thiab tswj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov ntshav liab membrane qauv.
Detoxification
thiol pawg ntawm GSH tuaj yeem chelate co toxins xws li cov hlau hnyav, fluoride, thiab mustard gas, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua ke nrog cov tshuaj lom los yog tshuaj tua kab mob lom [5]. Yog li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm GSH nyob rau hauv daim siab hlwb yog ntau dua li nyob rau hauv lwm lub hlwb.
Tsis muaj GSH yuav ua rau daim siab cell apoptosis thiab ua rau lub siab rog. GSH supplementation tuaj yeem nce qib ntawm cov protein, enzymes thiab bilirubin hauv cov ntshav ntawm cov neeg mob uas muaj lub siab rog ntev, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm GSH tuaj yeem txo qis qib ntawm malondialdehyde, qhov cim ntawm daim siab puas.
Txhim khu kev tiv thaiv
GSH tsis tsuas yog tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm kev puas tsuaj, tab sis kuj tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm qhov sib npaug ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Nws qhov kev xav ncaj qha yog kev tiv thaiv ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob telomeres, uas tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kho mob (saib daim duab hauv qab).
Cov nyhuv ntawm GSH ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob kuj tshwm sim los txhawb kev ua kom muaj zog, kev loj hlob thiab kev sib txawv ntawm T hlwb, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj T cell tiv thaiv kab mob.
GSH kuj tseem muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob ncaj qha. GSH-enhanced adjuvant therapy rau COVID-19 cov neeg mob tuaj yeem txhim kho tus neeg mob lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob thiab txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob hnyav.
Ntxiv rau peb lub ntsiab lus saum toj no, GSH kuj tseem koom nrog hauv kev tswj hwm cov metabolism, cov paj hlwb hloov pauv, cell proliferation thiab apoptosis, thiab tuaj yeem hais tau tias yog txhua qhov sib npaug. GSH tuaj yeem txo kev mob caj dab thiab mob, thiab nws lub peev xwm antioxidant thiab detoxification tau ntev tau tshaj tawm rau lawv cov teebmeem ua kom dawb.
4. Yuav ua li cas tswj cov qib Gsh
Kev laus, mob qog noj ntshav, cystic fibrosis, hlab plawv, o, kev tiv thaiv kab mob tsis txaus, kab mob neurodegenerative, thiab lwm yam yuav siv ntau tshaj GSH hauv lub cev. Kev noj zaub mov tsis zoo, kab mob ntev, kab mob kis kab mob thiab kev ntxhov siab tas mus li yuav ua rau kom tsis muaj glutathione. Tsis muaj GSH yuav ua rau muaj cov dawb radicals, co toxins, thiab lwm yam, ua rau nws muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau rau cov kab mob thiab kab mob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab kev laus ntxov ntxov, thiab lwm yam, thiab poob rau hauv lub voj voog vicious.
Yog tias tib neeg lub cev GSH poob qis dua 70% ntawm cov qib ib txwm muaj, nws yuav nyuaj rau kev tswj hwm lub cev zoo li qub.
Txhawm rau tswj hwm qib GSH ruaj khov hauv lub cev, tib txoj hauv kev yog "nce cov nyiaj tau los" thiab "txo kev siv nyiaj".
"Txo kev siv nyiaj" txhais tau hais tias tswj kev noj qab nyob zoo, txo cov tiam ntawm cov dawb radicals, thiab txo cov co toxins hauv ib puag ncig, xws li cawv, khoom qab zib, nitrites, hluav taws xob hluav taws xob, huab cua paug, thiab lwm yam, yog li txo qis kev noj GSH ntau dhau. .
"Ntau cov nyiaj tau los" yog muab rau tib neeg lub cev nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob txaus thiab detoxification peev los ntawm kev ntxiv GSH los txhim kho lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntxiv nrog rau kev noj zaub mov uas muaj GSH, koj tuaj yeem noj ntau cov khoom noj uas muaj cov sulfur, vitamins C, D, E, thiab selenium.
Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem loj tshaj plaws nrog glutathione tam sim no yog nws qhov ncauj bioavailability tsawg heev. Nws yog feem ntau hydrolyzed nyob rau hauv lub digestive ib ntsuj av thiab tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau lub hlwb los ua lub luag haujlwm. Yog li, GSH coj los ntawm cov zaub mov yog qhov nyuaj rau kev nqus thiab siv. Thaum nws tsis txaus, yuav tsum tau supplementation ntxiv kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig kev txhim kho. Thaum xaiv cov tshuaj ntxiv, koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau daim ntawv ntau npaum. Feem ntau, kev xa tshuaj technologies xws li liposomes thiab microphospholipid bilayer ntim tuaj yeem xa cov tshuaj zoo dua mus rau lub hom phiaj, yog li siv lawv cov txiaj ntsig.